Rekeying or Changing Locks on a Rental — landlord rights and tenant protections

Answer

Intro: Landlords often ask whether they can change locks on a rental unit. The short answer: you can change locks in certain situations (between tenancies, for safety, or with proper notice), but you must follow state and local landlord-tenant rules and avoid illegal self-help that could expose you to liability.

Main part: Start by checking your lease: many agreements specify lock/change procedures and who pays for rekeying. Common lawful reasons to change locks include when a tenant moves out, when you reasonably believe the unit is unsafe, or when a tenant requests a lock change for safety. If a tenant still occupies the unit, changing locks without notice can count as an unlawful eviction in many states — do not change locks while the tenant has legal possession unless you have a court order or the tenant consents.

Practical rules and best practices:

• Between tenancies: rekey or replace locks to protect the incoming tenant and limit liability.
• Occupied units: obtain tenant consent or provide proper notice as your jurisdiction requires; document the reason (safety, lock malfunction, criminal activity).
• Emergencies: in a genuine emergency affecting health or safety you may act to secure the property, but record the event and follow up with written notice.
• Access for landlords: avoid master keys that grant unrestricted access without notice; follow contractual and statutory entry rules (advance notice, permitted reasons).
• After rekeying: promptly supply keys or new access instructions to the tenant or their authorized agent; charging the tenant for rekeying is allowed only if the lease or state law permits.

Documentation: take photos, keep repair invoices, send written notices and keep signed receipts when you hand over new keys. If you face a noncompliant tenant, use formal notice and eviction channels rather than self-help.

Final note: Laws vary widely by state and city. It’s advisable to consult a licensed local attorney or experienced property manager before changing locks on an occupied rental or charging a tenant for rekeying. Following clear lease language and consistent processes reduces risk and preserves tenant relationships.